›Science and practice are by no means contradictory. Observation, reflection, and the testing by experiment are qualities required for each‹, neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing writes in 1925. Modern surgeon-scientists are nevertheless facing a large multiplicity of economic and scientific constraints, and there is an ongoing discussion about the expert role of surgeons in developing and testing new tools or applying results from laboratory science to the operating room.
Cushing, Harvey: Experimentum periculosum; iudicium difficile; in: Consecratio medici and other papers, Boston 1928, here p.242.